Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels are caused by defects in insulin secretion its biological function, or both. Long-term high blood sugar levels in diabetes lead to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves.
There are two main types of diabetes, one that mainly affects children and the other that mainly affects adults. The sugar in diabetes refers to glucose. When you overeat, all the work is left to the stomach and intestines, and the food churns in the stomach and intestines.
Starch, fat, and other nutrients in food are filtered through layers, and some of them are transformed into blood sugar. Blood sugar needs a driving force to enter cells, that is insulin, and blood sugar is converted into energy needed by the human body when it enters cells.
If there is too much blood sugar, the remaining blood sugar will go to the liver or muscles, which are liver glycogen and muscle glycogen. If there is no room here, it will form fat storage. This is commonly known as fat. Sugar is the gasoline of the human body. Without it, the human body cannot function.
When you eat and drink too much, your stomach and intestines absorb too much, blood sugar accumulates, and insulin can only go on strike. Insulin cannot cope with it, which is insulin resistance.
The causes of resistance include genetic factors and environmental factors. Blood sugar cannot enter cells, and blood sugar levels will soar. At this time, the body can only secrete more insulin to rescue. Therefore, there will be symptoms of excessive insulin secretion in the early stages of diabetes.
Diabetes is not scary, what is scary is its allies, namely diabetic complications, retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy.
When insulin resistance starts, more insulin will come to help, but then the cells will be damaged, and the high blood sugar and metabolites will poison the capillary cells in the eyes and kidneys. Then the vision will be blurred and the kidneys will be damaged.
Diabetic foot occurs after insulin strikes. When you walk on the street and suddenly step on a thumbtack, you don't feel any pain, which means that the nerves are poisoned by high blood sugar, the nerve endings are necrotic, and the brain is not responding. Then bacteria gather around the wound, the immune system can't bear it, and the peripheral blood vessels can't keep up with the supply, so bacteria will infect.
In cardiovascular disease, cells have no sugar to eat, people have no energy, and fat starts to work. Metabolic problems occur, high blood sugar, abnormal blood lipids, and internal damage to blood vessels. Excess fat and inflammatory cells accumulate on the blood vessel walls, which will block the blood vessels.
The symptoms of diabetes can be summarized as "three mores and one less". The so-called "three mores" refer to "eating more, drinking more, and urinating more", and "one less" refers to "weight loss".
(1) Excessive food intake: Due to the large amount of urinary sugar loss, such as more than 500 grams of sugar loss per day, the body is in a semi-starved state. The lack of energy needs to be supplemented, causing hyperphagia and increased food intake.
At the same time, because high blood sugar stimulates insulin secretion, patients are prone to hunger, increased appetite, and a feeling of being full. They may even eat five or six times a day, with 1 to 1.5 kilograms of staple food and significantly more side dishes than normal people, and still cannot satisfy their appetite.
(2) Polydipsia: Due to polyuria, excessive water loss occurs, intracellular dehydration occurs, and the thirst center is stimulated, resulting in polydipsia. The amount and frequency of water intake increase to replenish water. The more urination, the more water is consumed, forming a proportional relationship.
(3) Polyuria: Increased urine volume, with daily urine volume reaching 3,000 to 5,000 ml, and up to 10,000 ml or more. The frequency of urination also increases, with patients urinating once every one or two hours, and some patients may even urinate more than 30 times a day.
The blood sugar concentration of diabetic patients increases, and the blood sugar cannot be fully utilized in the body, especially the blood sugar filtered out by the glomerulus cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, resulting in osmotic diuresis and polyuria. The higher the blood sugar, the more urine sugar is excreted, and the more urine volume is also increased.
(4) Weight loss: Due to insufficient insulin, the body cannot fully utilize glucose, which accelerates the decomposition of fat and protein to replenish energy and calories.
As a result, a large amount of carbohydrates, fat, and protein in the body are consumed, and coupled with the loss of water, the patient loses weight and becomes emaciated. In severe cases, the weight may drop by dozens of pounds, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and lack of energy.
Similarly, the longer the course of the disease, the higher the blood sugar level, the more serious the condition, and the more obvious the weight loss.
How to fight diabetes? Control your diet, let insulin work well, control with professional medication, and inject insulin. So it is important to have a good body. Control your diet and move your legs.
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